Gender and Sports Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• An emphasis on cosmetic fitness in sports can lead to participation being associated with what?
• Which statement best describes the overall message about gender equity and sexuality in sports, according to the material?
• How can school and university athletic programs assess and address the accommodation of interests under Title IX?
• What describes the relationship between sport sponsorship, media rights, and gender equity?
• During times when there are struggles between gender defenders and gender benders, most people find it difficult to give up ideas and beliefs they use to make sense of the world.
• What is the potential and limits of legislative and policy reforms to close gender gaps in sports?
• Gay men and lesbians in sports may be ignored, marginalized or harassed because
• What practice best supports inclusive participation across all genders?
• How should reporting frameworks align with safeguarding guidelines?
• In evaluating transgender athletes' eligibility, which factor is often considered beyond hormone criteria?
• Which agency is primarily responsible for investigating Title IX complaints in US schools?
• Discuss the impact of pay-to-play structures on gender equity in youth sports.
• What does the expansion test require to address equity?
• The most dramatic change in the world of sport over the past 2 generations has been the increase in the number of
• Data show that opportunities for girls and women in sport are scarce; which group is most affected?
• The most glaring gender inequality with respect to sport participation occurs at the
• One of the problems with a two-category classification model is that it
• Which of the following is NOT among the barriers that can restrict progress toward gender equity in sports?
• What is the relation between gender equity and the creation of inclusive masculinities?
• What is a commonly cited consequence of myths about lesbians in sports?
• What are the main ethical considerations in reporting on women's sports, and how can journalists avoid sensationalism?
• According to the material, which statement best characterizes Title IX's reception over time?
• The phrase 'graces and beauty sports' signals that women's early participation was framed around which emphasis?
• Renegotiating sexed boundaries in lesbian softball leagues is described as
• How do doping policies intersect with gender considerations in sports testing?
• Opposition to Title IX remains strong today, and dozens of lawsuits have been filed against the law. Over the past 40 years, court decisions have
• Under Title IX, a school may comply with the law by meeting 1 of 3 legal tests. Which of the following is NOT one of those tests?
• Why is LGBTQ+ inclusion in sports policy critical, and what challenges do LGBTQ+ athletes face?
• What are examples of policy interventions that promote facility and resource equity between men's and women's teams?
• What is the purpose of periodic compliance tests under Title IX?
• The gender ideology used in many cultures assumes a two-category model for classifying sex and gender. When such a model is used, people do what?
• Which of the following is NOT a reason for increased sport participation rates among girls and women?
• When sport worlds are described as male-centered, what is the expected focus?
• The Semenya case highlights that ideas about femininity can be entangled with ideas about race, illustrating which broader theme?
• Which policy elements are part of practical harassment and abuse prevention in sports organizations?
• Research on new media suggests that girls and women are creating their own sport coverage on their own terms.
• People maintain a silence about gay men in sports primarily because
• According to the material, what effect does sports as an institution have on gender power?
• How do prize money and prize structures influence gender parity in major tennis and golf events?
• How did Title IX affect scholarship distribution in collegiate athletics?
• How did the U.S. Women's National Soccer Team case influence pay equity and sponsorship in sports?
• A woman coach is hired in an all-male athletic department and is said to coach like a man. What does this situation suggest about the department?
• Which approach best reflects inclusive language in sports communications?
• Dominant gender ideology in many societies is organized around three ideas and beliefs. Which of the following is NOT one of those ideas?
• What are the most likely actions to improve viability of women's sports?
• What role do audits of time allocation play in fairness for female athletes?
• What should concussion return-to-play protocols include?
• Which statement best describes the difference between 'male-identified' and 'male-centered' sport worlds?
• According to the material, empowerment from sport may lead to activism.
• How do cultural attitudes toward femininity and masculinity influence policy development in sports?
• How do social movements (e.g., feminism, LGBTQ+ rights) influence changes in sports governance and policy?
• Persistent gender inequalities in sport participation are attributed primarily to what?
• Acosta and Carpenter's 40-year longitudinal study on gender in intercollegiate sports indicates that, over time, women coach proportionately fewer women's sport teams today than in 1977.
• Discuss the role of facilities design in promoting gender equity (e.g., locker rooms, medical facilities, equipment storage).
• Which best describes 'inclusive masculinity' in the context of sports?
• Information on gender equality and the Summer Olympic Games shows that
• Which statement captures the core argument about empowerment and gender equity?
• Which statement best captures the concept of gender mainstreaming in sports organizations?
• Why is leadership representation important in athletic departments for gender equity?
• What concept describes the way many female athletes manage gender issues by presenting themselves as tough yet feminine?
• Mariah Burton Nelson hypothesized that as women gain power in society, men
• At which level are opportunities for girls and women in sport generally scarce?
• After Ann Travers and colleagues studied lesbian softball leagues in North America, they concluded that
• How do concussion protocols address gender differences in injury risk and recovery?
• As sport programs become increasingly privatized,
• Sport participation can empower girls and women as individuals, but as an institution, sports
• If a network TV announcer uses terms like 'The World Cup' and 'The Women's World Cup,' this vocabulary indicates the announcer views sport in terms that are
• What is the difference between sex category and gender identity in sports eligibility?
• The concept of 'queering sport' involves
• The author concludes that at this point in time the most effective strategy for achieving gender equity in sport is
• Compare and contrast the expansion and proportionality tests with real-world examples of compliance and non-compliance.
• To avoid appeasing men and discourage men from seeing them as invaders of male spaces in sports, female athletes during the 20th century chose to call themselves
• What factors contribute to the gender pay gap in professional sports?
• How do gender stereotypes in media influence participation and performance expectations in women's sports?
• Which statement describes a consequence of modeling gender as a fixed two-category system for those who do not fit neatly into 'male' or 'female'?
• Which attribute does the dominant ideology in mainstream sports tend to celebrate?
• Which combination is stated as necessary for achieving full gender equity?
• The scenario where a woman coach's qualification is attributed to coaching 'like a man' illustrates which systemic condition?
• What are the three tests used under Title IX to assess sports equity?
• Under the IOC guidelines, when can a transgender athlete compete in their identified gender?
• The myths surrounding women's participation in sports during the first half of the 20th century were widely accepted because they were seen to
• Most people around the world agree that girls and women should have opportunities to play sport, but they often disagree on what sports they should play and the resources they should receive.
• Full gender equity depends on developing alternative definitions of masculinity and femininity combined with what other change?
• What is the difference between de jure and de facto gender equity, and give examples in sports contexts?
• How does globalization affect gender equity in sport?
• Which university strategy would help ensure equitable training time and travel support for female athletes?
• The images associated with dominant sports in most societies today tend to promote a manhood based on
• In the section on Gender Equity and Sexuality, the author provides examples suggesting that sports in certain regions have become less supportive contexts for homophobia.
• What is the primary reason there are fewer female athletes than male athletes at the Summer Olympic Games?
• The Caster Semenya case demonstrated that
• Which statement best describes the effect of sports on empowerment?
• What are the implications of spectatorship and audience expectations for women's sports, including visibility and viability?
• Which statement about the Paralympic Games is supported by the data?
• Which approach supports inclusive athletic programs that accommodate students with disabilities while pursuing gender equity goals?
• In the first half of the 20th century, when women began to overcome barriers to sport participation in the US, they first claimed participation spaces in which type of sports?
• Which statement best describes how intersectionality can affect female athletes of color in competitive sports?
• Which statement best captures the trade-offs between centralized governance and club-based governance for gender equity in sport?
• Which author is cited in the material as proposing that women's increased power leads men to favor manly sports?
• Which trend is reported regarding women's coaching in intercollegiate sports since 1977?
• In the context of resource allocation, which statement aligns with the ongoing inequities described?
• According to the material, privatization of sport programs is likely to have what effect on girls and women's participation?
• How do concussion and injury reporting practices relate to gender reporting biases in sports media?
• What is implicit bias in coaching, and which mitigation strategies are commonly recommended?
• Which change is identified as necessary to achieve full gender equity along with redefining gender norms?
• Explain how access to safe and affordable equipment and apparel affects girls' sustained participation in sports.
• Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why women are underrepresented in coaching and administrative positions in sports?
• What role does facilities design play in gender equity?
• The material describes celebrity feminism in media as emphasizing which of the following?
• In the health and fitness movement, what tension has become evident?
• Among the equity producing actions identified in the chapter is
• Which organization is described as probably the most powerful sport organization in the world?
• What role do athletic scholarships play in gender equity, and what concerns exist about dependent athletes' welfare?
• How does the concept of body diversity influence inclusivity in sports programs for athletes with different body types and abilities?
• Which factor most strongly influences whether a female athlete of color gains media exposure and sponsorship?
• Homophobia will persist as long as which framework remains widely accepted?
• What is the gender equity gap in youth sports participation?
• Which of the following is NOT among the key gender inequities that remain in the US sports and worldwide?
• What do the statements suggest about empowerment and activism?
• The diagram of the two-category classification model indicates that
• The images of dominant sports tend to promote a manhood based on which pair of traits?
• Transgender athletes have pushed gender boundaries to the point that
• Sanctions for failing to achieve gender equity have been few and far between primarily because
• Under what condition can a female athlete whose body naturally produces testosterone at levels equal to an average man compete as a woman?
• Which of the following characterizes the state of gender equity in US high schools and colleges?
• What are the key elements of an anti-hazing and safe-sport policy?
• What does the proportionality test compare in evaluating athletics equity?
• Which aspect best supports inclusive body diversity in sports programs?
• As of 2013, which statement about the IOC's gender representation is NOT correct?
• What does the term hegemonic masculinity refer to in the context of sports?
• Celebrity feminism, as described in the material, emphasizes which theme in media portrayals?
• Which statement best captures regional disparities in gender equity despite globalization?
• In response to masculinized cultures in most alternative sports, some women have
• Which pair best describes the approach to achieving gender equity in sports, according to the material?
• Celebrity feminism in media portrays which theme?
• The US government law Title IX prohibits gender discrimination in
• Beyond participation numbers, which metrics indicate progress in gender equity within athletic departments?
• Which factor is repeatedly linked to difficulty achieving gender equity in schools that have a strong football culture?
• When girls and women develop strength through sport participation, which option is NOT one of the things they typically feel?
• What are the long-term health and social outcomes for girls from youth sports participation?
• According to the diagram, which group has a better chance of gaining power in society?
• Inequalities in support are highest in which area?
• In a two-category model, which group is more likely to gain power in society?
• Which barriers are commonly reported for girls' participation in sports?
• ACL injuries are more common among female athletes due to which contributing factors?
• Beyond policy, what social and psychological challenges may transgender athletes face in competitive sports?
• Under Title IX compliance, how many legal tests exist?
• When women are hired in coaching and administrative positions in sport organizations, they may have low levels of job satisfaction due to
• What are the key considerations for safe-sport policy?
• Why is gender mainstreaming essential in achieving equitable outcomes?
• The dominant gender ideology associated with mainstream sports tends to
• Explain how coaching pipelines and leadership representation affect women's sports development.
• Which statement best illustrates an expansion approach to creating new opportunities in sports programs?
• What does the accommodation of interests test evaluate under Title IX?
• In informal and alternative sports, which groups generally control who plays?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a problem with the IOC 'Female fairness' policy?
• Boys and men have a stake in gender equity because progress toward gender equity will
• Which policy change best accommodates non-binary athletes?
• Homophobia will continue to exist in some form in a society as long as which system is widely accepted?
• In informal and alternative sports, masculinized cultures influence participation by which dynamic?
• Sports are culturally important in many societies because they
• How should schools balance disability inclusion with gender equity goals?
• To reach full gender equity, what two aspects must be addressed?
• Research indicates that empowerment from playing sports can occur, but those feelings do not automatically make someone an activist for gender equity. Which statement best aligns with this idea?
• Which of the following best describes the overall relationship between women's participation in sport and gender equity as presented in the material?
• What data areas are analyzed to identify and close gender gaps in athletic opportunities?
• What is the phenomenon of 'marginalization within' women's sports?
• When gender activists talk about the 'queering of sport,' they are referring to
• Persistent gender inequalities related to sport participation are due primarily to
• The history of 'fem testing' in the Olympics and other international sports shows that
• Most female athletes today manage gender issues by
• According to the material, what does achieving full gender equity in sports require?
• Which statement best describes the media portrayal of celebrity feminism?
• Which statement best reflects the relationship between sport's gender ideology and masculinity?
• What policy change is most likely to support girls' participation in pay-to-play systems?
• In increased media coverage of women in sports, seeing women athletes on TV is useful because it provides alternatives to sexually objectified women.
• In male dominated and male identified sport cultures, women are hired only when they
• An emphasis on 'cosmetic fitness' and thinness among women can have a negative effect on sport participation because it leads women to
• When sport worlds are male-dominated it means that
• Explain the role of sex-segregated competition in fairness, and discuss arguments for and against it.
• Research by Eric Anderson and his colleague indicate that
• What is a practical guideline for ethical reporting in women's sports?
• How might hormonal therapies affect competitive fairness concerns in transgender female athletes, and what policy considerations arise?
• What does it mean when sport worlds are described as male-identified?
• What is a key effect of increasing female representation in sports leadership?
• How is media coverage related to gender equity efforts in sport, according to the text?
• When Title IX became law in 1972,
• Research on alternative and active sports shows that they are organized around
• Which policy approach balances inclusion with fair competition when setting guidelines for transgender athletes?
• In comparison with sport program for girls and women, programs for boys and men are more likely to survive budget cuts because
• In comparison with the Olympic Games, the Paralympic Games have
• What is the purpose of anti-retaliation protections within harassment policies?
• Despite the influence of Title IX, it has been difficult to achieve gender equity in schools where
• What is a likely consequence of limited sanctions on gender equity enforcement?